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Urine
Physical Characteristics:
- Color = pale yellow.
- Transparency= clear.
- Odor = only slightly aromatic.
- pH = slightly acidic, 6.0
- specific gravity (solute concentration compared to water)- 1.0 = NO solutes, > 1.0 more solutes.
Chemical Composition:
- 95% water, 5% solutes.
- Nitrogenous wastes: urea, uric acid, creatinine.
- Ions: sodium, potassium, phosphate, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate.
Diuretics: chemical substances that affect urine output.
- Any substance that cannot be reabsorbed.
- Substances that exceed the ability of the renal tubules to reabsorb it.
- Substnace that inhibit sodium reabsorption.
- Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
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